Health professionals at UVA have found that mushroom gummies, often marketed for cognitive enhancement, illegally contain psilocybin and other undisclosed harmful substances. Recent patient cases, including a hospitalized child, underscore the risks of these unregulated products, which falsely claim to only have legal ingredients. Credit: SciTechDaily.com
Mushroom gummies marketed for brain health have been found to contain illegal psilocybin and other dangerous ingredients. UVA Health’s research reveals these risks following multiple emergency cases, including one involving a child.
UVA Health experts are warning that mushroom gummies being sold to promote brain function may contain the illegal hallucinogen psilocybin and other harmful ingredients not listed on the label. Five people – including a 3-year-old child – have been sickened.
A spate of cases seen in UVA Health Medical Center’s emergency department between September and June prompted poison experts with UVA’s Blue Ridge Poison Center to test five different brands of the products sold in Central Virginia gas stations and smoke shops. Of those, three contained psilocybin or psilocin, substances classified as “Schedule I” drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, meaning they have no medical use and high potential for abuse. Psilocybin and psilocin are illegal at both the federal and state level.
Mushroom gummy packages. Credit: UVA Health
All the products tested claimed to contain the Amanita muscaria mushroom, which is legal, or a proprietary mushroom blend. However, none disclosed the inclusion of psilocybin or psilocin. Other undisclosed ingredients discovered by the UVA researchers included caffeine, ephedrine, and kratom, an herb that produces opioid-like effects and carries the risk of addiction.
Public Health Threat and Consumer Warnings
The presence of psilocybin and psilocin, as well as other undisclosed ingredients, represents a potential public health threat not just in Central Virginia but potentially across the country, the researchers say. They warn that people who take unregulated products sold at smoke shops and gas stations have no way of knowing what they’re putting into their bodies – or the harm the substances could cause.
“People tend to equate ‘legal’ with ‘safe,’ which is not necessarily the case. These products are not regulated and can contain any number of unlabeled substances which, when consumed, can cause undesired symptoms,” said researcher Avery Michienzi, DO, assistant medical director of UVA Health’s Blue RIdge Poison Center. “Some packages will have QR codes showing that the products were tested in a lab and contain only what they are labeled to contain. These have been found to be inaccurate.” Credit: UVA Health
“People tend to equate ‘legal’ with ‘safe,’ which is not necessarily the case. These products are not regulated and can contain any number of unlabeled substances which, when consumed, can cause undesired symptoms,” said researcher Avery Michienzi, DO, the poison center’s assistant medical director. “Some packages will have QR codes showing that the products were tested in a lab and contain only what they are labeled to contain. These have been found to be inaccurate.”
Accidental Consumption and Research Findings
All four of the adults seen in UVA’s Emergency Department between September and Nov. 20 had consumed the mushroom gummies intentionally. But the child, seen this June, had consumed two gummies accidentally. All were treated and released, but the child required an overnight hospital stay.
The researchers note that investigators were not able to purchase the exact brands of mushroom gummies the patients had consumed. Instead, they bought three brands with the same ingredients and two other brands that claimed to contain “mushroom nootropics.” (“Nootropics” is a trendy term commonly used in advertising for substances that claim to improve cognition and brain health.)
The researchers then analyzed the gummies in UVA Health’s advanced Toxicology Laboratory. “While we anticipated that we might find some undisclosed ingredients, we were surprised to find psilocybin and psilocin knowing that they are scheduled drugs,” said Lindsay Bazydlo, PhD, the lab’s medical director. “The consumer should be given accurate information about what substances are included in these products.”
Lab Findings and Medical Implications
The researchers are urging doctors to be on the lookout for patients, especially children, who have fallen ill after consuming the gummies. Typical hospital drug screens, they note, do not detect the substances the researchers found. Symptoms can include hallucinations, racing heartbeat, upset stomach, and altered mental state. These symptoms can appear similar to the effects of marijuana.
Findings Published
The UVA team has detailed its findings in the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The researchers included Michienzi, Jeremy Hamlin, Rita Farah, and Bazydlo.
