Recent research indicates that vancomycin, a key antibiotic for treating C. difficile, is becoming less effective, raising concerns about treatment efficacy and the potential return to a pre-antibiotic era.
As vancomycin becomes more popular, its effectiveness diminishes.
New research from the University of Houston College of Pharmacy suggests that vancomycin, commonly prescribed as the first-line treatment for C. difficile infections, may not be as effective as previously thought.
C. diff infection is the leading cause of death due to gastroenteritis in the U.S. It causes gastrointestinal symptoms ranging from diarrhea and abdominal pain to toxic megacolon, sepsis, and death.
Based on 2018 clinical practice guidelines, the use of oral vancomycin has increased by 54% in the past six years, but the clinical cure rates have decreased from nearly 100% in the early 2000s to around 70% in contemporary clinical trials.
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, research assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, is reporting the weakening of vancomycin to treat the deadly superbug C. diff. Credit: University of Houston
Research Findings on Vancomycin Resistance
“Despite the increasing prevalence of data showing reduced effectiveness of vancomycin, there is a significant lack of understanding regarding whether antimicrobial resistance to these strains may affect the clinical response to vancomycin therapy,” reports Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, research assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, UH College of Pharmacy, in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. “In fact, the prevailing view has been that antibiotic resistance to these strains are unlikely to impact clinical outcomes, given the high concentrations of vancomycin in stools.”
But the team arrived at a different conclusion after sifting through research included in a multicenter study, which included adults treated with oral vancomycin between 2016 and 2021 for C. diff infection.
“We found reduced vancomycin susceptibility in C. difficile was associated with lower 30-day sustained clinical response and lower 14-day initial cure rates in the studied patient cohort,” said Gonzales-Luna.
The finding is cause for concern.
“It’s an alarming development in the field of C. diff as there are only two recommended antibiotics,” said Kevin Garey, professor of pharmacy practice and translational research. “If antimicrobial resistance increases in both antibiotics, it will complicate the management of C. diff infection leading us back to a pre-antibiotic era.”
Reference: “Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Clostridioides difficile Is Associated With Lower Rates of Initial Cure and Sustained Clinical Response” by Taryn A Eubank, Chetna Dureja, Kevin W Garey, Julian G Hurdle and Anne J Gonzales-Luna, 21 February 2024, Clinical Infectious Diseases.
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae087
Others on the research team include Taryn A. Eubank from UH and Chetna Dureja and Julian G Hurdle from Texas A&M Health Science Center in Houston.
